Wildfires on the Rise in the UK

The United Kingdom is witnessing an alarming surge in wildfires, a phenomenon once considered rare in its temperate climate. As of mid-April 2025, 112 wildfires have been reported, scorching an area larger than Liverpool. This marks the second-worst year on record for both the number and extent of fires, surpassed only by the devastating seasons of 2019 and 2022.​

Climate Change: The Catalyst Behind the Flames

Scientific research underscores the significant role of climate change in this escalating crisis. A study by the Met Office, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, and the University of Exeter revealed that the severe fires during the UK's 2022 heatwave were made at least six times more likely due to human-induced climate change. That summer saw unprecedented temperatures reaching 40°C, leading to the London Fire Brigade's busiest day since World War II.​ 

The study emphasises that rising temperatures and drier conditions are dramatically increasing the risk of extreme fire weather in the UK. England emerged as the most vulnerable nation, highlighting the urgent need for adaptation and mitigation strategies.​

Human Activity: Ignition Sources and Land Management Challenges

While climate change sets the stage for wildfires, human activities often provide the spark. Nearly all UK wildfires are human-caused, with common culprits including unattended campfires, discarded cigarettes, and improperly disposed glass bottles that can focus sunlight.

Land management practices also play a crucial role. The UK's peatlands, which cover about 9% of the country, are particularly vulnerable. When dry, peat becomes highly flammable, and fires in these areas release significant carbon emissions, undermining efforts to combat climate change. Rewetting peatlands is essential to reduce fire risk and preserve these critical carbon sinks.

Emergency Services: Strained Resources and Adaptive Measures

The increasing frequency and intensity of wildfires are placing unprecedented demands on the UK's emergency services. In 2022, during the peak of the heatwave, fire control rooms experienced a 500% increase in 999 calls, with 14 fire and rescue services declaring major incidents.

Firefighters are adapting by employing lighter protective gear, aerial drones, and vehicles suitable for rough terrain. Controlled burns are also being used strategically to prevent larger outbreaks. However, experts stress the need for public responsibility, including safer landscaping practices and fire-resistant building designs.

Looking Ahead: Prevention and Preparedness

As wildfires become more frequent and severe, a multifaceted approach is necessary to mitigate risks:​

• Public Awareness: Educating communities about fire safety, especially during dry seasons, is vital.

• Land Management: Implementing rewilding practices and rewetting peatlands can reduce flammable vegetation and restore natural firebreaks.

• Infrastructure Planning: Developing fire-resistant structures and creating buffer zones between wildlands and urban areas can help protect properties.​

• Policy and Investment: Government support for emergency services and climate adaptation strategies is essential to enhance resilience.​

The rise in UK wildfires is a stark reminder of the immediate impacts of climate change. Proactive measures, informed by scientific research and community engagement, are crucial to safeguard the environment and public safety.